How the backout 1977 effect on Hip Hop - Free Essay Example

Over the last thirty-seven years Hip Hop has slowly but surely become a staple of American society and has achieved notoriety all over the world. Not only is Hip Hop music consistently one of the highest selling genres of music of any kind on the market today, but Hip Hop as a whole is highly influential in dictating trends of all kinds as well. On a macro level, large corporate entities use Hip Hop as a productive means of product promotion, marketing, and advertising. On a micro level Hip Hop dictates fashion, hairstyle, dialect, car choice, everyday mannerisms, musical preference, and even common greetings. The term Hip Hop itself has almost become a synonym for popular culture. Hip Hop is not a phenomenon. As it enters its fifth decade in existence, it is safe to say that Hip Hop is here to stay. With this in mind, the question becomes what is Hip Hop and where did it come from? The region known as the South Bronx is actually not a specific singular neighborhood but rather it is a group of neighborhoods located in the southwestern portion of New York Citys Bronx borough. While there is debate over which neighborhoods exactly constitute the South Bronx, it is clear that sections of the borough such as Hunts Point, Mott Haven, and Port Morris each make up the South Bronx. According to former Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer, the term the South Bronx did not exist before the 1960s. He contends that in reality the term was really just an inve ntion, a shorthand way to describe physically decaying neighborhoods, rising crime and rising poverty. Before the 1960s, the Bronx was divided into the West Bronx and East Bronx. In essence, the term South Bronx originated during the 1960s as a racial construct used to define areas in the southern portion of the borough containing nearly homogeneous populations of low-income African Americans and Latinos. Therefore, most of the borough south of the Cross Bronx Expressway and west of the boroughs Castle Hill section is designated as the South Bronx for geographically, socioeconomic, and racial reasons. Virtually all notable Hip Hop scholars recognize that beginning with Sugar Hill Records in late 1979 small independent record companies, some previously in existence and others newly formed, began signing MCs and releasing rap records on vinyl, which allowed audiences outside of the South Bronx to consume Hip Hop as a recorded, tangible commodity for the first time. Most also acknowledge that the culture has become completely commercialized over the years by corporations and used as a ma rketing tool. This thesis contends that initial investments in Hip Hop by local New York City and New Jersey based independent record companies and other small corporate entities paved the way for large corporate conglomerates to use Hip Hop for profit as well. Between 1973 and 1979 Hip Hop culture, with the exception of graffiti art, was not visible outside of New York City. DJing, MCing, and breakdancing were restricted to the Bronx and parts of Upper Manhattan. At first, youth in these areas experienced Hip Hop by attending DJs parties at local Boys and Girls Clubs, school gymnasiums, community centers in public housing projects, and multipurpose rooms in apartment buildings. As Hip Hop expanded, DJs began to perform at outdoor block parties, in parks, and at local nightclubs. According to Hip Hops first photographer Joe Conzo Jr., during this period the goals of Hip Hop had nothing to do with making money. In fact on a telephone interview from his home, Conzo stated, it was a young group of ki ds rebelling and playing their moms records at local jams throughout the desolate South Bronx.17 Michael Holman, creator of the television show Graffiti Rock, a show that got cancelled after one episode, furthers Conzos claim by contending, Hip Hop was truly a response to these kids being marginalized. It was a way of them saying we are not nobodies, we are somebody. Hip Hop is really look at me.18 Hip Hop was a lifestyle aimed at having fun, garnering respect on the streets, and indulging in inexpensive forms of artistic self-expression. It had no connections to the corporate music industry whatsoever. However, in 1979 this all changed when Sylvia Robinson of Sugar Hill Records conceived the idea of recording MCs raps and distributing them nationwide as a new genre of popular music. In order to understand the argument that beginning in 1979 independent record companies, most notably Sugar Hill Records, commodified Hip Hop culture by recording MCs raps onto 12-inch vinyl records for retail distribution and damaged the cultures authenticity in the process, it is necessary to comprehend the importance of authentic 1970s cultural institutions in the Bronx and Harlem. For example, Hip Hop was born in an apartment building located at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx. The building, which was erected in 1969, served the Bronx community by providing affordable housing to low-income residents and keeping them off the waiting lists for high-rise public housing projects. According to the spokesperson for Save 1520, an organization founded to combat gentrification efforts threatening to make the buildings affordable housing status obsolete, throughout the early 1970s 1520 Sedgwick Avenue made it possible for working families like DJ Kool Hercs to thrive and create the commu nities that gave rise to hip-hop.19 It is clear that this apartment building served a very important purpose to its South Bronx community during the 1970s, a decade in which the Bronx witnessed unparalleled urban decay. 1520 Sedgwick Avenue existed as an authentic Bronx cultural institution by providing both the socioeconomic and physical settings that made Hip Hops creation possible and by standing as a strong, private-sector affordable housing complex that did not fall victim to arson or condemnation during the most turbulent of years. In addition, nightclubs and local parks functioned as authentic cultural institutions in the Bronx and Harlem during the mid to late 1970s as well. In 1974, a variety of clubs throughout sections of the Bronx and Harlem began to embrace Hip Hop as a performance art and contracted DJs, most notably Kool Herc, to hold jams in their establishments. In Cant Stop Wont Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation, Jeff Chang describes this process. After becoming well known for his house parties on Sedgwick Avenue and the surrounding neighborhood, Chang writes that local clubs such as Twilight Zone, which was located on Jerome Avenue, and The Hevalo Club often featured DJ Kool Herc and his crew of MCs.20 Soon other local Hip Hop DJs, who had built their reputations up throughout the house party scene in the Bronx as Herc had before them, began spinning at clubs such as Harlem World, Savoy Manor, Your Spot, Plaza Tunnel, and many others.21 These clubs were cultural institutions within their Br onx and Manhattan communities. They provided neighborhood DJs, which were Hip Hops central figures throughout the 1970s, with a place to hold organized jams, demonstrate their artistic skills, and solidify their reputations within the close-knit Hip Hop community. In order to be allowed to deejay in such a cultural institution, DJs had to be established within the inner circle of the local Hip Hop community. If not, people would not attend the functions. The arduous process of becoming well known and respected as a DJ on the local Bronx house party circuit granted DJs a sense of authenticity. Once established, playing in the clubs gave Bronx DJs a further sense of authenticity, legitimacy, and notoriety within their communities. Soon, as Chang explains, Hip Hop jams moved to outdoor parks in the South Bronx, most notably Cedar Park, which was located at the corner of Cedar Avenue, Sedgwick Avenue, and West 179th Street. This occurred during the summer months both because of the nice weather and because gangs made club jams unsafe.22 In order to hold a highly attended, successful park jam at a cultural institution such as Cedar Park, DJs had to have a well-established, positive reputation within the South Bronx Hip Hop community. At first, DJ Kool Herc dominated the outdoor jams at Cedar Park because of his impeccably large sound system and status as Hip Hops founder. However, over time other DJs learned from Herc and began holding large outdoor jams as well. During the mid to late 1970s, the Hip Hop community bestowed authenticity upon DJs based on the size and volume of their sound systems, the rarity of their records and quality of their breaks, and the crowd excitement generated by their MCs. Performing i n parks like Cedar Park granted a sense of authenticity to DJs and MCs. These performers statuses became even more authentic if their jams garnered large crowds, if their parties lasted for long-periods, and if their names were well known throughout the community. This authenticity was central to Hip Hop culture between 1973 and 1979. Without it, it would be nearly impossible to become recognized within the culture. Before various corporate entities realized the high marketability of Hip Hop, enabled its commercialization, distributed it as a tangible commodity, and transformed it into one of the most popular music genres and forms of entertainment in the world, Hip Hop existed as a localized artistic musical, social, and cultural phenomenon born in the South Bronx and eventually spreading to other areas of New York City. The cultures beginnings date back to 1973 when eighteen year old Jamaican immigrant Clive Campbell, better known as DJ Kool Herc, threw a back to school party for his little sister Cindy in the recreation room of an apartment building located in the far western portion of the South Bronx. As Chang indicates, by the time DJ Kool Herc threw this party he had already been heavily influenced by the sociopolitical and musical cultures of his native Jamaica. He grew up in Jamaica between 1955 and 1967, a period in which the country endured severe political conflict, violence, and unr est. However, through all of this turmoil, music remained a critical part of Jamaican culture. Musicians often threw outdoor parties and concerts where they showed off their tremendous sound systems. These parties gave young people the opportunity to temporarily escape from the violence around them. As a young boy, Clive Campbell witnessed all of the struggles plaguing his native Jamaica and learned from the islands sound system operators and musical traditions.35 An analysis of Changs arguments makes it is clear that both his experiences as a young boy growing up in an extremely turbulent sociopolitical climate and his exposure to unique Jamaican musical traditions prepared him for life in the South Bronx and enabled him to create an innovative musical culture in his new environment. On August 11, 1973 DJ Kool Herc created Hip Hop in the recreation room of an apartment building located at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx and deejaying became the first element of Hip Hop culture. DJ Kool Herc moved to the South Bronx in 1967, three years before street gangs composed of misguided, marginalized youth began to terrorize the area, which had already suffered from the effects of deindustrialization, arson, and other socioeconomic and physical ills of urban decay36. These gangs made many aspects of life in the South Bronx difficult for youth, including recreational and social activities. For example, teenagers often frequented disco-oriented clubs throughout the city beginning in the late 1960s. However, according to Hip Hop author and journalist Peter Shapiro, street gangs had a serious, detrimental effect on this club scene after 1970. He argues that gangs made disco clubs intolerable with their menacing presence.37 Discos failed to draw large crowds from the South Br onx and other low-income African American and Latino neighborhoods, not only because many of the teens in the area did not identify with the culture surrounding disco, but more importantly because many of the most prominent clubs cover charges were too expensive for South Bronx youth to afford.38 It is evident that as of 1973, adolescents and young adults from the area were eager for a new musical culture and affordable recreational activity to embrace. Therefore, when DJ Kool Herc threw his back to school party in August of 1973, a party with cheap admission and no disco music, teenagers from all over the predominantly African American and Latino, low-income sections of South Bronx were excited to attend. They were not disappointed.

Government Response Of Hurricane Katrina - 1194 Words

Government Response to Hurricane Katrina Levels of Government In my opinion, all three levels of government failed the people of New Orleans in responding to Hurricane Katrina. There was plenty of pushing the blame on one another that ended up delaying responses and finding results. It seemed like one level of government would try saying the other level of government is responsible for that role. For example, The Director of FEMA, Michael Brown would say that the local and state are in charge of evacuation planning. There is some truth to that, but according to the U.S federal law governing homeland security it states that FEMA, â€Å"operations to save lives, through evacuating potential victims.† (Producers, 2005). The national government, in particular the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was one of the culprits. FEMA director, Michael Brown was quick to point the blame to the local and state governments for not being prepared and not providing FEMA a specific request. The video points out that FEMA received a 48 page document requesting additional resources from the state. The federal government did not know what their own government was doing. According to Richard Falkenrath, Homeland Security Advisor (2001-20014), â€Å"There was a period of days and we weren’t sure who was directing the federal response, and were all the actions being taken.† (Producers, 2005.) It took the Bush Administration 6 days to notify the American people of the failures of the federalShow MoreRelatedUnited States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina: Where Does the Blame Belong?1645 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Dictionary, government involvement is considered any â€Å"regulatory acti on taken by a government in order to affect or interfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the government’s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, LouisianaRead MorePost Disaster Response for Hurricane Katrina Government preparation efforts had been in the works1500 Words   |  6 PagesPost Disaster Response for Hurricane Katrina Government preparation efforts had been in the works for years prior to Hurricane Katrina striking the Gulf Coast. In fact a recent as 2004 a hurricane drill was hosted by FEMA simulating a disaster event rivaling that of Hurricane Katrina including the evisceration of the city in also a similar manner. This drill, otherwise known as the â€Å"Hurricane Pam† drill, caused enough of an effect to get additional funding for preventative measures. GovernorRead MoreDisaster Management Of The Hurricane Katrina Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner who has lived in Miami, Fla. for over 30 years, and experienced her last hurricane which was Hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trained to all waysRead MoreHurricane Katrin Emergency Planning1185 Words   |  5 Pages3 Assignment – Hurricane Katrina HSM315: Emergency Planning Hurricane Katrina was an extraordinary act of nature that created massive human tragedy. Experts say that Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive natural disaster in U.S. history. This massive hurricane brought with it catastrophic floods, obliteration of numerous homes and business, ruined the offshore energy infrastructures, and caused an estimated $96 billion dollars in damage. The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina resulted in anRead MoreThe National Incident Management System1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Hurricane Katrina was the largest, deadliest, costliest and the 3rd strongest hurricane to ever strike the United States. Katrina was sixth overall in strength of recorded Atlantic hurricanes. It was rated a category 5 based on The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, meaning, Katrina was among the strongest hurricanes that can form on planet Earth, with winds up to 175 mph. It occurred on August. 24, 2005, killing over 1,800 people roughly, mostly from Louisiana (1,836) and MississippiRead MoreEffects Of Hurricane Katrina On Impoverished New Orleans Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Hurricane Katrina on Impoverished New Orleans Brianna Algazali Sociology 2410 December 16, 2016 Abstract Hurricane Katrina will forever be noted in United States history as one of the worst natural disasters to hit the states. Within its wake, Hurricane Katrina left thousands of Americans dead and many more homeless with no place to call home. A vast majority of the homeless were already living in poverty in New Orleans, where Hurricane Katrina hit the hardest. PeopleRead MorePTSD and Hurricane Katrina Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagestaken upon differently. August 29, 2005, day one of hurricane Katrina; this date, is one that is permanently ingrained in thousands of citizens of New Orleans. On this day, people have seen family members drown, houses destroyed, as well as the memories of such a beautiful city float by them. Because of this one day, that umbrella of stress hanging over these people is present for a life time. The enormous amount of stress that hurricane Katrina victims have gone through have not only resulted inRead MoreLeadership During Hurrican Katrina 839 Words   |  3 PagesHurricane Katrina was the storm of the century. Hurricane Sandy earned the nickname Super storm Sandy. If anyone had any doubts as to what Mother Nature is capable of, these storms are perfect examples of the fury she can dish out here on planet Earth. The sheer amount of energy those storms had is almost incomprehensible. Katrina had sustained winds of 174 mph and wave heights of over 40 feet in some places. (Knabb) Sandy had winds of 115 mph and dumped over 10 inches of rain (Blake). By all measuresRead MoreDisaster Management : Disasters And Disasters1565 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner has when lived in Miami, Fla for over 30 years, and the last hurricane she experience was hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trained to alert, andRead MoreGovernment Interaction after Hurricane Katrina1764 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Dictionary, government involvement is considered any â€Å"regulatory action taken by a government in order to affect or interfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina. Others share the blame of this response between local, state, and national governments. This research paper will focus on the government’s interaction after the strike of a furious Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana

On-Line Teaching vs Traditional Teaching - 1302 Words

Traditional Teaching vs Online Teaching Nowadays, education becomes one of the important things in human life. Most of the individual in the earth is aware to obtain the education. Besides that, every country always concern on developing the quality of the education to improve the human resources. If the quality of human resources of a country is good, indeed, the quality of that country will be good too. As the matter of fact, we cannot deny that the improvement of technology really influence the education itself. Last time, before the advance of technology, the implementation of education system is still traditional. But, it is different nowadays. The implementation of the education is not only traditional but also online. In†¦show more content†¦Regarding studying, it is based on various sources of information including web data banks and net-experts. Hence, each learner will get more of an equal standing than in a face-to-face discussion ( Rashty, (n.d.)) . Moreover, there is more reliance on written communica tion than live, oral communication. As we know, teaching online is not â€Å"face-to-face real†, so students will really open up themselves by making mistakes without feeling silly and give full attention into everything. As online teaching need to be more focused, teachers can work on the areas that need the most attention when working with students (Zavitz, 2011) . Other than that, there is a lot of flexibility in learning online. For instance, for students who are pretty busy all the time, if they want to schedule a class, every time their schedule allows for it. Some of the students even email the teacher when they want a lesson as they are more of a â€Å"drop in† type learner (Zavitz, 2011). Furthermore traditional teaching will be more expensive if the students who attend the school which implemented traditional education will spend much more money. If their house is not near from their school, they will spend their money for buying gasoline for their private transportation. It will be the same if they do not have any private transportation because they have to pay public transportation to go to school. Moreover, if the distanceShow MoreRelatedEssay on Distance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom1550 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreEssay on Distance Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Comparative1573 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreHow Is Communication Important For Children And Community Engagement As It Has Been Discussed? Class So Far?1392 Words   |  6 Pagesoverall theme is communication. I thrive on communication being key. As I continue to point out there can be serious problems when there is a break in communication. By keeping the lines of communication open, your parents and director can stay informed. For my philosophy it is important because I need to be effective when teaching my student so that they learn what I am trying to teach them. It seems sim ple but many time students are lost because they don’t understand the teacher and what the teacher wantRead MoreThe Scopes Monkey Trial1116 Words   |  5 Pagesshorter, teens got bolder, and Prohibition was in full swing. These changes also gave way to a time period full of religious conflict. â€Å"In [religious] minds, Prohibition had always been about more than alcohol. It represented an effort to defend traditional American values against the growing influence of an urban, cosmopolitan culture† (Gillon 152). Charles Darwin had published his book, The Evolution of Species, in 1859 and The Descent of Man in 1871, detailing the evolution of man from ape-likeRead MoreOnline Education vs Traditional Education1666 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Education vs. Traditional Education Nowadays, with the technology furtherance and the increased use of the internet, online education has gained significant acceptance and popularity all over the world. Not too long ago, online education offered no competition to traditional education .Today, with more choices being offered online, traditional education is now facing a number of challenges in every level. This has as a result, the competition between those two educational programs, havingRead MoreEssay on U.S. and Chinese Education4371 Words   |  18 Pagesresearch work. They are just teaching, like the middle school teachers, so they could not teach their students how to do research work and this is just what the student need in the college and graduate level. 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However, KevinRead MoreOnline Learning and the Adult Learner Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness world, providing unique alternatives for reaching larger audiences than ever before possible. In the academic world, universities now have the ability to provide distance l earning opportunities through online classes for students—traditional or non-traditional, full-time or part-time, and international—who perhaps have had limited access to advanced educational opportunities. Online education is especially valuable to those students who juggle demanding work, familial and social schedules thatRead MoreEssay Clouds vs. The Apology1649 Words   |  7 Pages Clouds vs. The Apology In Aristophanes Clouds and in Platos Apology we see extensive fictional representations of the historical figure, Socrates, who left us no literary works under his own name. When comparing these two representations, readers often assume, as a result of the nature of the comedic genre, that Aristophanes portrayal of Socrates is exaggerated and fallacious. On the other hand, Platos account is often taken more seriously as a result of the philosophical genre and theRead MoreOnline And On Campus Learning1586 Words   |  7 Pagesfor completing work as you would in a classroom. The good news is a recent study done by the Department of Education reported that â€Å"students who took all or part of their classes online performed better than those taking the same courses through traditional face to face instruction.† (Angiello) This is due to findings that students taking their classes online spent more time reflecting on their own knowledge and understanding of the material than those in a group setting. (Angiello) I personally

The Monster in Frankenstein Essay example - 1076 Words

Mary Shelley: Frankenstein nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1818, The British Critic, a British literary magazine, assessed Mary Shelleys new novel, Frankenstein, The Modern Prometheus. The reviewer wrote: quot;We need scarcely say, that these volumes have neither principle, object, nor moral; the horror which abounds in them is too grotesque and bizarre ever to approach near the sublime, and when we did not hurry over the pages in disgust, we sometimes paused to laugh outright; and yet we suspect, that the diseased and wandering imagination, which has stepped out of all legitimate bounds, to frame these disjointed combinations and unnatural adventures, might be disciplined into something better. We heartily wish it were so, for†¦show more content†¦With the rise of industry and technology, we no longer look to God for answers to questions which seem unanswerable, we look to our own science. But can this science be trusted in the way we trust our God? If our own science can answer these questions, how does God play a role? Are we our own God? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Victor Frankenstein may have thought so for an instant. He is a character who embodies many of the struggles which characterized a new age-- an age where questions we previously thought would always remain a mystery were suddenly very much within our understanding, where powers we never thought we could possess are now very much under our control. quot;when we did not hurry over the pages in disgust, we sometimes paused to laugh outrightquot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Perhaps the most important part of the monster is the how absolutely human it really is. It is at first hopeful, curious, and sympathetic, gradually mistreated, jaded, and disgusted, and finally angry, vengeful, and lonely. The wretch is not a monster which insights fear in us at all times. We are scared of its implications, but not necessarily itself. In fact, we often feel sorry for the wretch. The wretch is not intended to be gore for the sake of gore. It is violent at times, but the fact that we can sympathize, and even find humor in the description of the wretch is what makes it all the more lasting. TheShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein. In Frankenstein, The Monster Interacts With1573 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein In Frankenstein, the monster interacts with the family in a manner that suggests how he understands aspects such as isolation, loneliness, compassion, and family. An assessment of the monster s character reveals that it has a sensibility to expand and grow its understanding towards a family s social significance. The monster has a sense of solitude and otherness from the way he seeks to interact for a specific reason. The interaction with family has a major influence towards the welfareRead MoreFrankenstein and True Monster1064 Words   |  5 PagesWho is the True Monster? â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† As clichà © as this popular Hollywood quotation may sound, it is extremely fitting to describe the situation where Dr. Frankenstein finds himself. When one has the ability, knowledge and power to create another living, breathing and thinking piece of flesh, a burden is immediately presented to whomever holds this invaluable control. Will this power be used to create horrible monstrosities that will be a form of destructionRead MoreFrankenstein the True Monster1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real Monster Science is a broad field which covers many aspects of everyday life and existence. Some areas of science include the study of the universe, the environment, dinosaurs, animals, and insects. Another popular science is the study of people and how they function. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is an inspiring scientist that studies the dead. He wants to be the first person to give life to a dead human being. He spends all of his time concentrating on thisRead MoreAn Analysis Of Frankenstein And The Monster 857 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel, Frankenstein, Walton and the monster each yearn for a true friendship to either fall back on during times of misery, to console with, or to learn from. Indeed, the significance of the friendship in Shelly’s novel is the balancing and completing agent of life. With friendship, blessings are multiplied and misfortunes are minimized. Without friendship, life is just a chain of desolation. The first blessing of friendship is trust. Indeed, friendship gives others the feeling ofRead MoreFrankenstein Monster Analysis885 Words   |  4 PagesThe True Monster in Mary-Ann Shelley’s Frankenstein In Frankenstein, written by Mary-Ann Shelley, Shelley portrays Victor as the ultimate monster. Throughout the novel, Shelley tests Victor’s morals and reveals him to be arrogant and selfish. She depicts his immorality through the creation of the creature, his decision to uphold his reputation and sacrifice mankind, and through abandoning his creature. Shelley illustrates Victor’s monstrous characteristics through the creation of the creatureRead MoreIs Frankenstein Really A Monster?2155 Words   |  9 PagesIs Frankenstein Really a Monster? I. Introduction Ronald Britton is the writer and editorial manager of the article: Mary Shelley s Frankenstein: What Made the Monster Monstrous. Throughout this article Britton will talk about the genesis of the renowned story of Frankenstein, which emerged from a fantasy experienced by Mary Shelley while on an occasion imparted to her spouse and her stride sister. The creator talked upon Shelley expressing that â€Å"She emphasizes that she was not confined to herRead MoreMonster Crowning: Frankenstein507 Words   |  2 Pages In Frankenstein, the reader is presented with two main characters of which are both monsters. Nevertheless one must be crowned as the true monster. The Creature is a monster who posses the free will and consciousness of a human. Victor is a human being trying to play God. They both have felt pain and anger; they were driven to do unspeakable things. However one is worse than the other. Before Victor goes off to college, his mother dies which leaves him distraught. Subsequently he became infatuatedRead MoreFrankenstein and Real Monster1762 Words   |  8 Pagestheme in the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley. Even though the main character in this novel is given no other name than â€Å"the monster† from the start, this is the opposite from the truth. In fact, the creature is extremely innocent at the beginning. It is only as a direct result of the cruel discrimination that he experiences, that in the end he actually becomes the real monster. Thus, he changes his personality from naive to evil and cruel. At the beginning the monster is unbelievably innocentRead MoreCauses Of The Monster In Frankenstein835 Words   |  4 PagesWhy the Monster Should Not be Destroyed Victor Frankenstein’s monster killed many people and caused lots of irreversible disturbances, however the monster should not be murdered. Many people argue that because the monster killed, and caused many people to die that he himself should be destroyed. 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Drug Testing And The Welfare Program - 2065 Words

Welfare is a system of assistance that needs certain procedures put into place that will be beneficial to those people that use the program. Drug testing users of the welfare program can be seen as a violation of a person’s rights, can be costly and cause a burden on a family that uses the system mostly involving children, but some people feel is necessary to ensure that the government’s money is being used productively. Miriam Webster’s dictionary defines welfare as â€Å"aid in the form of money or necessities for those in need or an agency or program through which such aid is distributed† (2004). The welfare program that most people think of is the second definition that distributes cash or food vouchers to those that are less fortunate and require some form of assistance. The question of is it right to require drug testing for recipients will always be a question or morality, it can be construed as a violation of a person’s fourth amendment r ight in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides, [t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches† (U.S. Const. amend. IV ), which means a person does not have to fear having their life turned upside down for no apparent reason, and as Celia Goetzl states â€Å"A district court struck down the policy on Fourth Amendment grounds†(2013) in reference to Michigan trying to put welfare testing intoShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing : A Controversial Issue Right Now1439 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Mandatorily Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Does More Harm Than Good Mandatorily Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Does More Harm Than Good Clare M. Pitlik Marist High School Author Note First paragraph: Introduction to history of drug testing welfare recipients Second paragraph: Explains why drug testing welfare recipients is unconstitutional Third paragraph: Explains why drug testing welfare recipients is costly Fourth paragraph: Rebuttals Fifth paragraph:Read MorePeople Collecting Welfare Should Undergo Testing804 Words   |  3 PagesPeople collecting welfare should undergo drug testing to get the money the government is giving them, because it makes welfare applicants go down at least 48 percent, it also will help the national debt go down and help people with their drug problems. There are many benefits of drug testing welfare recipients. Floridas policy of requiring drug testing for welfare applicants appears to have reduced new welfare enrollments by as much as 48 percent. Welfare recipients in Florida now will have toRead MoreWelfare Reform : Social Welfare Policy1257 Words   |  6 Pages Social Welfare Policy Social Welfare Policy Analysis Eric Dean University of Arkansas Introduction Several states have recently begun to enact legislation that requires welfare recipients to submit to drug tests before they are eligible to receive any public assistance. The purpose of mandatory drug testing is to prevent the potential abuse of taxpayer money, help individuals with drug problems, and ensure that public money is not subsidizing drug habits (Wincup, 2014). WhileRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthat in order to obtain a job, some people go through drug testing while drug and alcohol abusers receive free, no strings attached, financial assistance (see appendix A)? Food stamps and Medicaid are provided to low and no income Americans who would otherwise do without. According to heritage.org, a majority of the illegal drug use in American adults is tied to unemployed citizens. While there are many people who disagree with testing welfare recipients, the truth is that the pros greatly outweighRead MoreShould Drug Testing Welfare Rec ipients?1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who test positive for drugs should be able to receive welfare. It was an argument that flooded social media, arguments filling comments with opinions. It is a subject that continues to be discussed within our peer groups, our communities, and our states. This paper will discuss the opinions of individual’s within the country, the beneficial factors of drug testing welfare recipients as well as the unbeneficial factors, as well as who decides if drug testing welfare recipients goes into effectRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1526 Words   |  7 PagesMandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients When the United States’ welfare program was created during the Great Depression, it was meant to temporarily relieve the burdens of the one-fourth of American families who were unemployed, and struggling financially. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agencies to oversee these programs, includingRead MoreWelfare Recipients Should Be Periodically Tested for Drugs822 Words   |  3 Pagessupported by government welfare programs for help with their financial necessities. The argument everyone is making nowadays, is whether or not they should be drug testing recipients of welfare. I agree with this strongly because I know that if I were paying taxes on this program I would not want someone going out and abusing this privilege on drugs. People collecting welfare, or other government assistance, should be drug tested because if they are just going to spend money on drugs, they do not needRead MoreDrug Testing For Welfare Recipients1347 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Since the reformation of welfare in 1996, nearly all states have attempted to pass legislation to require the use of drug testing among welfare recipients. Thirteen states have passed legislation and there are currently seven states testing applicants for drugs. The results have been somewhat anticlimactic, as the number of positive drug test results is lower than the national average. 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Many indicate that if working class people are subject to a test prior to hire or randomly during the duration of employment, why should those that don’t have to work for money not have the same treatment? The government estimated that random annual drug testing for welfare recipients would cost each taxpayer an additional

Business Organization and Policy Impact of Merger

Question: Demonstrate the influence of environmental and behavioural factors on corporate size, structure and strategy. Understand the processes of business planning and policy making and the reason for change over time. Appreciate the effects of government policies towards monopolies and restrictive practices. Answer: Introduction Carrefour is the second largest global retail supermarket after Walmart (Wang et al. 2012). In June 2012, Carrefour sold its Greek supermarket to its local partner as it failed to operate in that location. The political and economic turbulence in Greece made the organization to lose its position (Levesque July). Recently, Carrefour is trying to create its market in the UK. Therefore, a report will be provided listing out the macro and micro environmental factors that Carrefour needs to take care. How UK Government policies on mergers and acquisitions can affect their growth strategies of Carrefour in the UK will be explained as well and finally, how the management at Carrefour can use the Kurt Lewin Change Model of Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze to prepare their staff for the envisaged UK venture will be explained. Macro Analysis Macro environmental factors will be explained by PESTLE Analysis. PESTLE Analysis Politics United Kingdom has one of the most stable democratic governments, which is decided by peoples vote (Watson 2016). Moreover, the government does not impose any controversial policies as they may fail in the next five years (Carter 2014). The government offers subsidies for new business, which indicates that Carrefour can establish their market in the UK (Baylis, Smith and Owens 2013). UK government is trying to entertain such organizations who manufacture goods within the country. Carrefour sells both local and foreign goods (Sase et al. 2015), which indicates that it will have least affect from the political scenario. Economy Positive economic growth measures the real GDP change in UK. GDP grew by 2.4% in 2014, which was 1.7% in 2013 (Martin et al. 2015). Peak to trough fall is estimated to be 6.0% in 2015, which indicates that people has higher ability to buy products that gives a positive demand of products (Paterson 2013). Carrefour is the supermarket and it has wide range of products from all categories, which will get huge response in UK market. Social UK society has become too much health concern and people have the tendency to buy products from branded markets (Woolhouse and Wood). Carrefour is having great brand image in other nations, which will help in achieving the peoples attention for good quality products with reasonable price. Technology People in the UK are more attracted towards technical gadgets then television or radio (North, Baldock and Ullah 2013). Much of the companies are advertising through social networking sites and website advertisements. The usage of internet has raise by 43 percent from the last 8 years, which indicates that Carrefour can establish their market in UK. Legal Minimum wage will prove to a constraint for Carrefour in UK. This will increase the cost of sales, as the organization does not have any opportunity to supply and produce its goods outside of UK. Thus, the organization needs to bare a capital for its employees. Environment UK is becoming environmental concern with each year. It has taken the green concept and therefore, does not allow excessive usage of plastic materials (Webb et al. 2013). This may affect Carrefour as most of its products are packaged through plastic. This may increase the cost of goods specially in edible categories. Figure 1: PESTLE Factors (Source: Roggeveen, Nordflt and Grewal 2015) Micro Environment Micro environmental analysis will be provided by SWOT analysis. Strengths Carrefour falls under hypermarket category, which means this supermarket offers all types of products under one roof (Tang et al. 2015). Hypermarket has been the most profitable division in the UK since 2005. This supermarket has fulfilled its position in cash cow segment, which means that internal revenue generation can support the establishment of new market in the UK (Roggeveen, Nordflt and Grewal 2015). Center of board catchment areas are chosen by Carrefour to engage consumers. It has the most convenient shopping model, as consumers are able to buy the preferences through one weekly trip in the supermarket (Parracho SantAnna, Angulo Meza and Otavio Araujo Ribeiro 2014). The organization has able to keep its total operational cost lower in other nations, which will surely create a tough competition in the UK market. Weakness Carrefour is known for its own-branded products. The organization believes in an imaginary idea known as products libres (Piercy and Alexander 2013). This has led the price of products to settle down but most of the consumers are found to get dissatisfied with such products, which are from own-brand. Considering service, Carrefour has not able to satisfy its consumers unless it produced its own products. This has reduced price of products but in UK it may face lower cost cutting, as it has to maintain minimum wage (Wali, Wright and Reynolds 2014). Carrefour has violated the principle of good faith and fair-trading as it hiked the supply power, which suppressed the suppliers in China and Korea (Wood and Reynolds 2012). This negative reputation may affect its business in UK. Opportunity Global expansion and online stores are the factors, which will enhance the business of Carrefour in UK (Midmore 2015). Initially, in order to expand the market, Carrefour can take the help of e-commerce to market its products in the UK (Fuentes and Hagberg 2013). Moreover, being under international market, Carrefour has the opportunity to present the trendiest products in UK market, which will enhance mix and match of culture. Threats The most impactful threat will be from competition in the UK market. The retail giants such as Walmart and Tesco have already created their market in UK, and therefore market penetration may not be possible within next three years (Bui 2013). Moreover, employees in the organization feel about job security and hierarchical problems, due to which Carrefour may not able to retain its employees in UK market. Figure 2: SWOT Analysis (Source: Fuentes and Hagberg 2013) UK Merger and Acquisition According to Greve and Zhang (2016), European Union Law is followed by UK law on merger control and the competences of issues fall under OFT jurisdiction. According to the merger law of UK, any kind of attempts that deal with merger and acquisition is confirmed with ex ante prevention by Court of First Instance. On the other hand, Brueller, Carmeli and Markman (2016) pointed out that significant impediment to competition that is ruled by Court of First Instance helps in overruling the dominant position in the market. Furthermore, Ferris, Jayaraman and Sabherwal (2013) pointed out that Herfindahl-Hirschman Index calculates the density of the market before merger and acquisition but the problem of Oligopoly rises with such policy and therefore the market becomes conductive to collusion. The City Code on Takeovers and Mergers consists of non-statutory set of rules, which indicates that stakeholders of a merger company have to be treated equally. All such policies indicate that Carrefour will be able to get into merger and acquisition in future. According to Siougle, Spyrou and Tsekrekos (2014), for an organization that needs to merge with other organization has to apply to the High Court regarding the fact that it has already completed all the legal formalities before merging. Brakman et al. (2013) pointed out that the court will ask for creditors that support the terms of merger. Therefore, it can be said that if Carrefour needs to allocate suppliers into its own jurisdiction, then it may need to take over its suppliers in UK. The UK government supports its local firms and at the same time believes in expanding the business in its home ground. Pearson (2014) pointed out that the UK government supports subsidy to the firm if it needs to take over other organization in terms of business expansion. Therefore, it can be said that if an organization does not have enough cash, then it can get assistance from the government for merging. According to Ashfaq et al. (2014), the UK Merger Assessment Guidelines determines whether a firm needs to merge or it will be beneficial for the organization to continue its own business in future. Siougle, Spyrou and Tsekrekos (2014) pointed out that the assessment guidelines for merger and acquisition identifies the constraints between perceived potential entry and actual potential entry. This will be highly beneficial for an organization, as it will get to know whether it needs to takeover other organization. Often it is found that organizations do not understand the future political and economical scenario of a country, which will be addressed by the merger guidelines and help the organization to operate the most suitable business. Carrefour will be able to expand its business in the most effective way in UK in future, as it will get the deepest assistance from the government in terms of merger and acquisition and subsidy as well. Kurt Lewin Change Model According to Bartunek and Woodman (2015), Kurt Lewin Change Model is disintegrated into three stages, which are Unfreeze, change and Refreeze, but most of the organizations fail to formulate strategies in the change stage. On the other hand, Cummings and Worley (2014) pointed out that organizations fail to satisfy the change to its stakeholders after refreeze is initiated. Therefore, Carrefour needs to ensure that after the change management, the stakeholders do not get dissatisfied. The change management will take care of only the staffs as Carrefour is concerned with supply chain and not with manufacturing and hence, the organization will allocate people from local UK market. Unfreeze The initial stage of Kurt Lewin Change Model is Unfreeze, where the organization will cease 25 percent of the operation for China supermarket. This is because Carrefour will transfer 15 percent of executives from China to the UK. Organization will not get enough experienced employees from UK local market and in order to reduce risk, it will need to transfer certain amount of employees. The sales operation will not be paused in China but operational function will be divided among rest 85 percent of the executives. Change In the change stage, Carrefour needs to allocate new staffs for operating in new location and at the same time, it needs to transfer 15 percent of its employees from China to UK. This is because the organization needs to mix and match two different cultures with adequate amount of expertise knowledge. Business experts such as marketing executives, committees and directors will configure the staff management in UK market. On the other hand, supermarket sales staffs are to be allocated in two different segments. One segment will be for selling local items and the other segment will be for selling international products (i.e. these products will be not from local brands), which will be administered by local marketing executive. Such change will be highly effective as both lower level and upper level employees will get the assistance from higher management and better staff management will be done. Refreeze The last stage is the refreeze, where the organization will have to work with the entire changed working environment. The hierarchy will match up with the new management and flow of information from suppliers to marketing head and finally to retail inventory will be managed. The change management will be done in accordance to the historical data of working in different other nations and therefore, any further change will be initiated only after at least 18 months of operation in the UK. Therefore, it can be said that the change management will involve new staff recruitment from UK locality, who will only serve in sales department and experienced staffs will handle the administrative purposes. Figure 3: Kurt Lewin Change Model (Source: Bamberg 2013) Conclusion While concluding it can be said that Carrefour can establish its market the UK but it needs to think the methods of cost cutting and market entry strategy. This is because great retail giants Wallmart and Tesco are already present in UK hence it has to face a tough competition. It can even be concluded that Carrefour will get the government assistance in terms of merger and acquisition in UK, which will help in expanding its business in future. Carrefour needs to transfer employees from China market as most experienced employees are operating in that location, which may support business expansion in the UK. Recommendation While considering recommendations, it can be said that Carrefour needs to sell its products via e-commerce in UK, as the organization will be completely new in UK market. Initially, Carrefour needs to create its demand in the market and ensure consumer attraction, which will be only possible by online sales. The manufacturing unit needs to be established outside UK so that minimum wage does not affect the price of products. Finally, it is recommended that Carrefour needs to sell its own-brand products in UK so that initially the price factor does not prevent the consumer attraction. Reference List Ashfaq, K., Usman, M., Hanif, Z. and Yousaf, T., 2014. Investigating the Impact of Merger Acquisition on Post Merger Financial Performance (Relative Absolute) of Companies (Evidence from Non-Financial Sector of Pakistan).Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,5(13). Bamberg, S., 2013. Changing environmentally harmful behaviors: A stage model of self-regulated behavioral change.Journal of Environmental Psychology,34, pp.151-159. Bartunek, J.M. and Woodman, R.W., 2015. Beyond Lewin: toward a temporal approximation of organization development and change. Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P., 2013.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., Van Marrewijk, C. and Van Witteloostuijn, A., 2013. Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Border Merger Acquisition Activity and Revealed Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing Industries.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,22(1), pp.28-57. Brueller, N.N., Carmeli, A. and Markman, G.D., 2016. Linking Merger and Acquisition Strategies to Postmerger Integration: A Configurational Perspective of Human Resource Management. Bui, J.T., 2013. Factors of High-End Retail Marketing: A Study of Growth Opportunities for Clothing Retailers in the American Womens Apparel Industry. Burnes, B. and Cooke, B., 2013. Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ evaluation.International journal of management reviews,15(4), pp.408-425. Cardinali, M.G. and Bellini, S., 2014. Interformat competition in the grocery retailing.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(4), pp.438-448. Carter, N., 2014. The politics of climate change in the UK.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,5(3), pp.423-433. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Ferris, S.P., Jayaraman, N. and Sabherwal, S., 2013. CEO overconfidence and international merger and acquisition activity.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,48(01), pp.137-164. Fuentes, C. and Hagberg, J., 2013. Socio-cultural retailing: what can retail marketing learn from this interdisciplinary field?.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,5(3), pp.290-308. Greve, H. and Zhang, C.M., 2016. Institutional Logics and Power Sources: Merger and Acquisition Decisions.Academy of Management Journal, pp.amj-2015. Levesque, C., 2015, July. Building New Capabilities at the Local Level through Transnational Unionism: Evidence from the Case of Carrefour in Colombia. In27th Annual Meeting. Martin, R., Pike, A.N.D.Y., Tyler, P.E.T.E. and Gardiner, B., 2015. Spatially Rebalancing the UK Economy: The Need for a New Policy Model.Regional Studies Association Pamphlet. Midmore, D.J., 2015. Supply chain management: marketing and retail.Principles of tropical horticulture, pp.307-352. North, D., Baldock, R. and Ullah, F., 2013. Funding the growth of UK technology-based small firms since the financial crash: are there breakages in the finance escalator?.Venture Capital,15(3), pp.237-260. Parracho SantAnna, A., Angulo Meza, L. and Otavio Araujo Ribeiro, R., 2014. Probabilistic composition in quality management in the retail trade sector.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,31(6), pp.718-736. Paterson, T., 2013. If the UK economy is boomingthen why have food-banks EXPLODED by 20,000% since 2004 whilst their use DOUBLES in the last year alone?. Pearson, R., 2014. Mergers and concentration in the UK insurance industry.Entreprises et histoire, (3), pp.7-20. Piercy, N. and Alexander, N., 2013. The Status Quo of the Marketing Organisation in UK Retailing: A Neglected.Retail Marketing, p.43. Pousttchi, K. and Hufenbach, Y., 2014. Engineering the value network of the customer interface and marketing in the data-rich retail environment.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), pp.17-42. Rahman, M.K. and Jalil, M.A., 2014. Exploring factors influencing customer loyalty: an empirical study on malaysian hypermarkets perspective.British Journal of Applied Science Technology,4(12), p.1772. Roggeveen, A.L., Nordflt, J. and Grewal, D., 2015. Do Digital Displays Enhance Sales? Role of Retail Format and Message Content.Journal of Retailing. Sase. Buigues, P.A., Lacoste, D. and Lavigne, S., 2015. When over internationalized companies reduce their international footprint.International Business Review,24(6), pp.1039-1047. Siougle, G., Spyrou, S.I. and Tsekrekos, A.E., 2014. Conference calls around merger and acquisition announcements: Do they reduce information asymmetry? UK Evidence.Research in International Business and Finance,30, pp.148-172. Tang, Y.T., Stanworth, J.O., Chen, W.T., Huang, S.W. and Wu, H.H., 2015. Toward a measure of Chinese hypermarket retail service quality.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(3-4), pp.327-338. Wali, A.F., Wright, L.T. and Reynolds, P.L., 2014. Cashless system, users' perception and retail marketing performance.International journal of sales retailing and marketing,3(4), pp.17-32. Wang, Y., Kong, W.W., Wang, Y., Wu, F.H. and Wang, L.M., 2012, October. The Strategy of Site Location Based on Business Area Theory: Case Study of Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Metro in Xian. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 209, pp. 559-562). Watson, J., 2016. Peace is an Ecosocialist Issue: Some Experiences from Local UK Politics and Suggestions for Global Action.Capitalism Nature Socialism,27(1), pp.9-20. Webb, J., Williams, A.G., Hope, E., Evans, D. and Moorhouse, E., 2013. Do foods imported into the UK have a greater environmental impact than the same foods produced within the UK?.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(7), pp.1325-1343. Wood, S. and Reynolds, J., 2012. Leveraging locational insights within retail store development? Assessing the use of location planners knowledge in retail marketing.Geoforum,43(6), pp.1076-1087. Woolhouse, M. and Wood, J., 2013. Tuberculosis: Society should decide on UK badger cull.Nature,498(7455), pp.434-434.

Dorothy Essay Research Paper The Development of free essay sample

Dorothy Essay, Research Paper The Development of Dorothy The film? The Wizard of Oz? opens on a farm in Kansas. The lead character is a twelve-year-old miss named Dorothy. Dorothy exists in a universe limited by aged beliefs and frights, which make up a great portion of her world. In Kansas, Dorothy is a twelve-year-old miss, with twelve-year-old demands and emotions. I feel that the film is a device by which we can analyse Dorothy in all provinces of head, her witting, pre-conscious, and unconscious. I believe that Sigmund Freud? s rules on the construction of personality and dreaming will help in understanding Dorothy? s growing, wants, and demands. Dorothy in her witting province battles to be heard and understood. She is hard-pressed and unable to leave her feelings of disquieted and fright to an unfastened ear. Her Idaho manifests itself with the desire for immediate satisfaction, stimulated by her fright that the character Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on Dorothy Essay Research Paper The Development of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gulch will destruct Toto. Just as Dorothy is able to explicate herself to her nurturing Aunt and Uncle, the Gulch character enters. Gulch takes Toto from Dorothy, with no compunction, stuffs the Canis familiaris in a basket, and leaves. Dorothy runs to her room to cry and curve up into a foetal place. The foetal place is her unconscious desire for comforting and belonging. Her crying is cut short by the return of her Canis familiaris Toto, who was able to overreach Gulch. Immediately Dorothy Begins brewing thoughts of running off so as to protect her darling Toto from danger. Still motivated by Idaho like intuition, Dorothy runs off with Toto. I believe that her Idaho is strong, but is besides being checked by self-importance. Runing off is id like, but protecting Toto is ego? s ability to maintain Idaho in cheque. A roving professor interrupts Dorothy? s hegira from her farm. Professor Marvel produces feelings of admiration and comfort in Dorothy. She hopes he will be able to salvage her and Toto from the evil clasps of Ms. Gulch. Marvel sits Dorothy down and efforts to read her luck in his crystal ball. He brings Dorothy to the realisation that running off was non right, and in making so she hurt her Auntie. I believe that because she is so immature, Dorothy is in demand of an external superego to supply her with a proportionate sum of guilt for what she is making. She realizes that she was incorrect and runs place. Dorothy? s return place is followed by a storm transporting a twister. The twister may mean a residuary convulsion in Dorothy? s unconscious head, but dually acts as a conveyance for Dorothy. She returns to her place to happen everyone has disappeared into the storm basement. Frightened by the storm, she returns to her room and cowers on her bed. Dorothy is knocked unconscious by the window shutter as it flies unfastened and hits her in the caput. She is launched into a cognitive unconscious province. The twister spins many familiar faces and things past her window until eventually she witnesses Ms. Gulch? s transmutation from old maid, to the wicked enchantress of the West. Suddenly all is quiet and back to normal, or so it seems. Dorothy gingerly walks to the front door and opens it to happen the Eden that is Oz. The door gap signifies her complete passage from witting to unconscious. The tornado was the force that awakened her unconsciousness and immersed her in never-never land # 8211 ; Oz. Dorothy emerges from her house to be told, by the good enchantress of the north Glinda, that the wicked enchantress of the E has been squashed by the Kansas residence. We are invariably making and transforming our world, as a dreamscape and I believe that the decease of the evil enchantress is Dorothy? s manner of get bying with her old fright of Gulch. The originative potency within the dream actively transforms conflicting stuff and unsolved feelings, into soothing or apprehensible images. Dorothy is now confronted with a desire to return place. Before she can loosen up she is one time once more introduced to yet another symbol of immorality, the Wicked Witch of the West. After menaces from the wicked enchantress, Dorothy is advised by the good enchantress to inquire for the aid of the Wizard of Oz. She is told by the locals to follow a xanthous brick route to the Emerald City where the Wizard resides. Her journey down the route signifies her demand for way and a next-to-last goal-her place in Kansas. During her trip down the route, Dorothy is introduced to three of her sub-conscious friends. The straw man without a encephalon, the Sn adult male without a bosom, and the fearful king of beasts. These characters represent Dorothy? s under developed cognitive abilities. She has reached the age where her endocrines begin to infringe on her emotional stableness, pubescence. She picks up friends on her journey down the route, in the hope that the ace might assist them excess ively. They traverse the universe of Oz, avoiding traps and fraudulences planted by the Witch, to get safely at the Gatess of the Emerald City. Upon run intoing with the ace, Dorothy is presented with a challenge. Dispatch the evil enchantress and return with the broom handle. Merely so will they be granted their demands. A encephalon, a bosom, bravery, and a manner place. I think this trial is her unconscious beef uping her witting resoluteness. The friends travel to the enchantress? s palace, and are ambushed on the manner. Dorothy is separated from her friends. I think that this is the polar point in her emotional growing. Her friends forget all of their hang-ups and continue to mount a dare deliverance. After the deliverance, they meet the enchantress on their manner out. The enchantress threatens the straw man and visible radiations him on fire. In an attempt to set out the fire, Dorothy unwittingly throws H2O on the enchantress. The enchantress melts off to void. Dorothy returns to the Wizard to recover the award for her victory. At this point the Wizard is unveiled and it is revealed to the adventurers that he is simply a mortal adult male. The significance of this is that the three Oz work forces realize they? ve ever had what they sought elsewhere, right within themselves. Having resolved this, Dorothy? s unconscious is eventually sound. Her lone trouble now is that she must trust on the Wizard to acquire her place. The method of conveyance is a balloon, which unwittingly escapes without Dorothy, because one time once more she runs to salvage her Canis familiaris Toto. The flight of the balloon signifies Dorothy? s interrupting with her last emotional crutch. She is now able to stand on her ain two pess. The good enchantress returns, to remind Dorothy that all she needed to make was believe of place, and that? s where she? d be. Dorothy says adieu to all her new/old friends, and thinks of Kansas. She awakens to happen her whole household and everyone at the farm at that place for her. Dorothy? s transmutation through dreaming and the creativeness through which her emotions are released i.e. runing the Wicked Witch, proves that she ever had the ability to beat her frights without any 1s aid. She was able to claim back the stableness within her psyche, and execute thaumaturgy and miracles in her life. Psychologist Sigmund Freud popularized the theory that dreams contain symbols, which reveal a individual # 8217 ; s unconscious. # 8220 ; [ Freud thought ] dreams were wants for fulfilment or anti-fulfillment, and stand for what you want or don # 8217 ; t want # 8221 ; .